Background Petroleum workers are a special occupational group, and their work schedule conflicts with natural sleep rhythm, which may lead to abnormal blood pressure.
Objective This study investigates the relationships of hypertension with sleep duration and sleep quality in petroleum workers.
Methods From March to September 2018, through a multi-stage cluster sampling method, one district (Karamay District) was randomly selected from four districts in Karamay City of Xinjiang, six oilfields (Baikouquan Oil Production Plant, No.1 Oil Production Plant, No.2 Oil Production Plant, Fengcheng Oil Production Plant, Oil Construction Company, and Heavy Oil Company) were selected from all the oilfields in this area by random number table method, and all workers aged 20 to 60 years and with more than one year of working experience were selected for investigation. A total of 1 500 questionnaires were distributed to collect basic demographic characteristics (such as gender and age) and behavioral factors (such as smoking and drinking), and 53 incomplete questionnaires were excluded. The valid response rate was 96.5%. The participants' blood pressure was measured, and after excluding 27 participants who did not complete it, finally 1 420 participants were included. Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep duration and quality of the workers. Sleep duration was assessed by the item of "actual sleep time per night" in the PSQI scale, and graded into insufficient (< 7h), normal (7-8h), and excessive (> 8h) respectively; sleep quality was assessed by the total score of PSQI, and categorized into good (PSQI score ≤ 3) and poor (PSQI score >3) respectively. Chi-square test was performed on the distribution of sleep duration, sleep quality, and hypertension of workers with different demographic characteristics, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.
Results Of the 1 420 petroleum workers included in the study, 400 workers had insufficient sleep duration (28.1%), 318 workers had poor sleep quality (22.4%), and 232 workers had hypertension (16.3%). The detection rate of insufficient sleep duration in males was higher than that in females (32.0% vs. 24.7%) (P < 0.05); the detection rate of insufficient sleep duration in the rotating shift group was higher than that in the fixed shift group (31.5% vs. 23.0%) (P < 0.05); the detection rate of poor sleep quality in the rotating shift group was higher than that in the fixed shift group (25.2% vs. 17.9%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was higher in females than in males (20.8% vs. 11.4%), higher in the 30-45 years age group than in the other age groups (8.3% for the < 30 years group, 33.3% for the 30-45 years group, and 19.9% for the >45 years group), higher in the Han ethnic group than in other ethnic group (18.8% vs. 11.1%), higher in the high school or below education group than in the college or above education group (22.8% vs. 13.0%), higher in the rotating shift group than in the fixed shift group (19.6% vs. 11.2%), higher in the group of insufficient sleep duration than in other sleep duration groups (24.5% for the < 7h group, 14.3% for the 7-8h group, and 9.3% for the >8h group), higher in the group with poor sleep quality than in the group with good sleep quality (33.3% vs. 11.4%), and higher in the body mass index >24 kg·m-2 group than in other body mass index groups (5.7% for the < 18.5 kg·m-2 group, 8.1% for the 18.5-24 kg·m-2 group, 22.8% for the >24 kg·m-2 group); all differences were significant (P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that insufficient sleep duration (OR=1.66, 95% CI:1.17-2.34) and poor sleep quality (OR=3.34, 95%CI:2.39-4.66) were positively associated with hypertension.
Conclusion Insufficient sleep duration (< 7 h) and poor sleep quality (PSQI score >3) are the potential factors affecting hypertension in Xinjiang petroleum workers. The study findings provide a new perspective for the prevention and control of hypertension.
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