WANG Wen-peng, SHEN Hui-ping, HUANG Yun-biao, LI Gang, ZHAO Yi-jing. Exposure level of manganese and its influencing factors in welders in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 2014-2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(9): 821-824, 834. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18121
Citation: WANG Wen-peng, SHEN Hui-ping, HUANG Yun-biao, LI Gang, ZHAO Yi-jing. Exposure level of manganese and its influencing factors in welders in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 2014-2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(9): 821-824, 834. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18121

Exposure level of manganese and its influencing factors in welders in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 2014-2017

  • Objective To understand the exposure level of manganese and analyze its influencing factors in welders in Pudong New Area, Shanghai.

    Methods Three-phase stratified sampling method was used to select 215 welders from 137 enterprises in Pudong New Area from 2014 to 2017. Personal breathing zone air samples were collected, and the manganese concentrations of the samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The active monitoring questionnaire of key occupational disease hazards in Shanghai was used to investigate and analyze the exposure and influencing factors of manganese in workplace.

    Results A total of 215 samples of manganese were obtained in this study. The median concentration (M) of manganese was 0.140mg/m3 and the total unqualified rate was 15.81%. The annual disqualified rate of manganese showed significantly different (χ2=8.989, P=0.003), with the highest disqualified rate detected in 2017 (30.43%) (P < 0.05). In terms of enterprise scale, the disqualified rate (34.09%) and exposure level (0.075 mg/m3) of manganese in welders in large enterprises were higher than those in medium5.26% (χ2=5.820, P=0.016), 0.003 mg/m3 (H=70.609, P=0.000) and small enterprises11.84% (χ2=12.063, P=0.001), 0.010 mg/m3 (H=38.527, P=0.001). In terms of industry, the highest disqualified rate (37.21%) and exposure level (0.113 mg/m3) of manganese were detected in shipbuilding industry, the lowest disqualified rate (6.33%) and exposure level (0.009 mg/m3) were detected in general equipment manufacturing industry, and the differences in the two indicators were statistically significant across industries respectively (χ2=20.698, P=0.000; H=28.940, P=0.000). In terms of working environment, the disqualified rate (77.78%) and exposure level (0.790mg/m3) of manganese in the workers in confined space were higher than those in the workers in open air (0.00% and 0.003 mg/m3) (χ2=5.600, P=0.018; H=123.000, P=0.009) and in workshops with roof (13.30% and 0.010 mg/m3) (χ2=26.607, P=0.000; H=78.657, P=0.001). In terms of operation mode, the disqualified rate (22.22%) and exposure level (0.030 mg/m3) of manganese of continuous operation were higher than those of intermittent operation (χ2=6.694, P=0.010; H=4 291.500, P=0.001). In terms of welding material, the disqualified rate (20.81%) and exposure level (0.027mg/m3) of manganese of workers using welding wires were higher than those of the workers using welding rods (4.55%, 0.006 mg/m3) (χ2=7.903, P=0.005; H=6 284.000, P=0.001). In terms of ventilation, the disqualified rate (31.71%) and exposure level (0.035 mg/m3) of manganese in workplaces with poor ventilation were higher than those in workplaces with good ventilation (11.94%, 0.006mg/m3) (χ2=6.345, P=0.012; H=29.907, P=0.046).

    Conclusion The workplace manganese exposure level in Pudong New Area in 2014-2017 shows an increasing trend, which may be a health risk for welders. Enterprise scale, industry, welding operation environment, operation mode, and ventilation effect are major factors affecting the exposure level of manganese.

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