Pneumoconiosis is the most common and serious occupational disease in China. The incidence of pneumoconiosis is still very high, and there are few reports on its survival analysis.

This study describes the characteristics and analyzes the survival of newly reported pneumoconiosis in Yubei District of Chongqing, and to provide evidence and suggestions for local prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Through the information system of occupational diseases and health hazards, occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal institutions, and the follow-up survey project of occupational pneumoconiosis in 2020, the data of newly reported pneumoconiosis and its survival in Yubei District of Chongqing from 2006 to 2019 were collected. Chi square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences between silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis in the stages of onset, diagnosis time, and length of service. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Log-rank test was used for survival curve comparison.

There were 768 newly reported cases of pneumoconiosis in Yubei District from 2006 to 2019. The median age (P₂₅, P₇₅) at diagnosis was 57 (50, 64) years. Most of them were male (99.9%) and coal worker's pneumoconiosis (54.0%). The incidence peak of newly reported silicosis stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ appeared in 2012, and the incidence peak of newly reported coal worker's pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ appeared in 2015. From 2016 to 2019, the total number of newly reported pneumoconiosis cases showed a downward trend year by year. The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) length of service with dust exposure of the silicosis cases and the coal worker's pneumoconiosis cases were 4.0 (3.0, 11.0) years and 16.0 (10.0, 25.0) years, respectively. Mining industry, small enterprises, and private enterprises had the most pneumoconiosis cases, accounting for 59.5%, 49.7%, and 46.6% of total reported cases respectively. The 10-year survival rates of the silicosis cases and the coal worker's pneumoconiosis cases were 65.3% and 83.4% respectively, and the difference of survival curve between them was statistically significant (χ²=30.422, P < 0.05).

In recent years, there are more than 10 newly reported cases of occupational pneumoconiosis every year, and the survival rate of silicosis patients is still low in Yubei District of Chongqing. The overall pneumoconiosis situation is far from optimistic. It is suggested that relevant departments strengthen the supervision of small, private, and other key enterprises, the advocacy of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment, and the rescue and treatment of pneumoconiosis patients.