吕利枝, 刘林, 苏明阳, 陈暐烨, 陈曦, 姜萍, 王伽婷, 何丽华, 赵茜, 余灿清, 徐钰, 王云. 打印机释放颗粒物的特征与影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 833-839. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20176
引用本文: 吕利枝, 刘林, 苏明阳, 陈暐烨, 陈曦, 姜萍, 王伽婷, 何丽华, 赵茜, 余灿清, 徐钰, 王云. 打印机释放颗粒物的特征与影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 833-839. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20176
LÜ Lizhi, LIU Lin, SU Ming-yang, CHEN Wei-ye, CHEN Xi, JIANG Ping, WANG Jia-ting, HE Li-hua, ZHAO Qian, YU Can-qing, XU Yu, WANG Yun. Characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matters released from printers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 833-839. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20176
Citation: LÜ Lizhi, LIU Lin, SU Ming-yang, CHEN Wei-ye, CHEN Xi, JIANG Ping, WANG Jia-ting, HE Li-hua, ZHAO Qian, YU Can-qing, XU Yu, WANG Yun. Characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matters released from printers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 833-839. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20176

打印机释放颗粒物的特征与影响因素

Characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matters released from printers

  • 摘要: 背景

    打印复印设备在工作中会释放大量颗粒物,从而危害人体健康,但目前国内对打印店内细小粒径颗粒物浓度及粒径分布、打印机释放颗粒物水平影响因素的研究不足。

    目的

    分析打印店内颗粒物浓度与粒径分布特征,探讨打印机工作过程中颗粒物释放的影响因素。

    方法

    采用便携式气溶胶谱仪在北京某学校内3家打印店(A、B、C)进行连续12 h以上的多粒径(0.25~32.00 μm)颗粒物数量浓度和质量浓度的动态监测。在室内场所展开实验,分别探究室内温度、室内相对湿度、纸张定量、硒鼓类型对打印机释放粒径≤ 1 μm的颗粒物(PM1)的数量浓度峰值的影响。

    结果

    3家打印店的颗粒物数量粒径分布相同,96%以上颗粒物粒径≤ 0.50 μm(PM0.5);其数量浓度随粒径变小而升高,PM0.5数量浓度可高达11.36×105 P·cm-3;3家打印店的颗粒物质量粒径主要分布在0.25~0.65 μm和1.30~7.50 μm。打印机释放颗粒物是打印店室内颗粒物污染的主要来源,同时工作的打印机数量和室外PM2.5浓度会影响打印店内颗粒物水平。模拟实验显示,当室内温度为15、23、27℃时,打印过程中释放PM1的数量浓度峰值分别为(1.76±1.33)×104、(1.95±0.64)×104、(3.20±3.00)×104 P·cm-3,差异无统计学意义(F=0.58,P>0.05);当室内相对湿度为30%、45%、60%时,打印过程中释放PM1的数量浓度峰值分别为(1.95±0.64)×104、(0.96±0.26)×104、(0.79±0.11)×104P·cm-3,差异具有统计学意义(F=9.65,P < 0.05);使用70、80 g·m-2的标准A4打印纸时,打印过程中释放PM1的数量浓度峰值分别为(1.95±0.64)×104、(5.25±1.07)×104 P·cm-3,差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.59,P < 0.05);当硒鼓类型为国产兼容硒鼓、国产灌墨硒鼓和原装进口硒鼓时,打印过程中释放PM1的数量浓度峰值分别为(1.95±0.64)×104、(1.90±1.22)×104、(9.85±4.70)×104 P·cm-3,差异具有统计学意义(F=7.44,P < 0.05)。

    结论

    打印店内释放粒径≤ 0.50 μm的颗粒物为主,且颗粒物数量浓度和瞬时颗粒物质量浓度较高。室内相对湿度、纸张定量和硒鼓类型可影响打印机释放PM1的数量浓度。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Printing and copying equipment in operation will likely release a large amount of particulate matters, thereby endangering human health. However, at present, there is insufficient research on the concentration and size distribution of fine particles in domestic print shops and the factors affecting the level of particles released by printers.

    Objective

    This study is designed to analyze the characteristics of particle concentration and particle size distribution in print shops, and explore the influencing factors of particle emission during printer operation.

    Methods

    The number concentration and mass concentration of particles with multiple particle sizes (0.25-32.00μm) were dynamically monitored using a portable aerosol spectrometer for more than 12h in three print shops (A, B, and C) in a school in Beijing. Besides, experiments were carried out indoor to explore effects of indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, paper grammage, and toner cartridge types on the peak concentrations of particles ≤ 1μm (PM1) released by the printers.

    Results

    The particle number size distributions in the three print shops were basically identical, and more than 96% of the particles were ≤ 0.50 μm (PM0.5). The number concentration increased as the particle size became smaller, and the PM0.5 number concentration was as high as 11.36×105 P·cm-3. The particle size distributions in the three print shops were largely between 0.25-0.65μm and 1.30-7.50μm. The particulate matters released by printers were the main source of indoor particulate matter pollution in the print shops, and the number of printers in operation and outdoor PM2.5 concentration affected the level of particles in the print shops. The experiments showed that when the indoor temperature was 15, 23, and 27℃, the peak value of PM1 number concentration during printing was (1.76±1.33)×104, (1.95±0.64)×104, and (3.20±3.00)×104P·cm-3, respectively, and the difference among them was not statistically significant (F=0.58, P>0.05); when the indoor relative humidity was 30%, 45%, 60%, the peak value of PM1 number concentration during printing was (1.95±0.64)×104, (0.96±0.26)×104, and (0.79±0.11)×104 P·cm-3, respectively, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F=9.65, P < 0.05); when using standard A4 printing paper weighted 70 and 80 g·m-2, the peak value of PM1 number concentration during printing was (1.95±0.64)×104 and (5.25±1.07)×104 P·cm-3, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (t=-4.59, P < 0.05); when using domestic compatible toner cartridges, domestic refillable toner cartridges, and imported original toner cartridges, the peak value of PM1 number concentration during printing was (1.95±0.64)×104, (1.90±1.22)×104, and (9.85±4.70)×104 P·cm-3, respectively, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F=7.44, P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    The size of particles in the selected print shops is mainly ≤ 0.50 μm, and the particle number concentration and instantaneous particle mass concentration are high. Indoor relative humidity, paper grammage, and toner cartridge type are the factors that affect the number concentration of PM1 emitted by printers.

     

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