黄磊, 张洋, 朱伟, 崔方方, 石婷, 兰亚佳, 王永伟. 郑州市医务人员人格特征、职业紧张及身心健康的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(11): 996-1001. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18206
引用本文: 黄磊, 张洋, 朱伟, 崔方方, 石婷, 兰亚佳, 王永伟. 郑州市医务人员人格特征、职业紧张及身心健康的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(11): 996-1001. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18206
HUANG Lei, ZHANG Yang, ZHU Wei, CUI Fang-fang, SHI Ting, LAN Ya-jia, WANG Yong-wei. Associations among personality, occupational stress, and physical and mental health of medical staff in Zhengzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(11): 996-1001. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18206
Citation: HUANG Lei, ZHANG Yang, ZHU Wei, CUI Fang-fang, SHI Ting, LAN Ya-jia, WANG Yong-wei. Associations among personality, occupational stress, and physical and mental health of medical staff in Zhengzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(11): 996-1001. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18206

郑州市医务人员人格特征、职业紧张及身心健康的关系

Associations among personality, occupational stress, and physical and mental health of medical staff in Zhengzhou

  • 摘要: 目的 了解医务人员的职业紧张及身心健康状况,探讨人格特征、职业紧张及身心健康的相互作用及预测效应。

    方法 于2012年5月至12月,以随机整群抽样方法,从郑州市18所省级、市级医院抽取医院5所,纳入医生、护士、医技共计1 630人作为研究对象,采用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版、职业紧张量表修订版和SF-36健康调查量表,调查其人格特征、职业紧张、身心健康(生理健康、心理健康)。采用方差分析、Spearmen相关及路径分析进行统计分析。

    结果 回收有效问卷1 345份,问卷合格率为82.5%。医务人员个体紧张反应得分(88.3±19.4)分,生理健康得分(78.3±12.7)分,心理健康得分(72.3±15.0)分。人格特征、任务负荷、社会支持与个体紧张反应、身心健康均存在相关性(P < 0.05),其中神经质和个体紧张反应(rs=0.540)、神经质和心理健康(rs=-0.594)、社会支持和个体紧张反应(rs=-0.428)、个体紧张反应和心理健康(rs=-0.648)相关性较高。内向、神经质和精神质得分高的医务人员,个体紧张水平相对较高(F=54.05,F=382.57,F=16.12,均P < 0.001),心理健康水平相对较低(F=82.69,F=480.41,F=34.63,均P < 0.001);内向、神经质得分高的医务人员,生理健康水平相对较低(F=62.67,F=187.97,P < 0.001)。采用路径分析并计算标准化回归系数(b'),结果显示,神经质(b'=0.419)、任务负荷(b'=0.230)、社会支持(b'=-0.325)对个体紧张反应有预测作用;人格特征中的神经质有对身心健康直接和间接预测效应,总效应分别为-0.258(生理健康)和-0.471(心理健康)。

    结论 医务人员的神经质、任务负荷、社会支持对身心健康存在直接和间接预测作用。内向、神经质和精神质得分高,工作负荷强为个体紧张反应及身心健康的危险因素,社会支持为保护因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the occupational stress and physical and mental health of medical staff, and assess the interactions and the predictive effects of personality, occupational stress, and health status.

    Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Short Scale, Chinese version (EPQ-RSC), Occupational Stress InventoryRevised Edition (OSI-R), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to 1 630 medical staff from five hospitals selected by cluster sampling method from 18 hospitals in Zhengzhou from May to December 2012. Data on personality traits, occupational stress, and physical and mental health were collected. Analysis of variance, Spearmen correlation, and path analysis were performed.

    Results A total of 1 345 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid return rate of 82.5%. The score of individual stress response was 88.3±19.4, that of physical health was 78.3±12.7, and that of mental health was 72.3±15.0. Personality, task load, social support, individual stress response, and physical and mental health were all correlated (P < 0.05), in which neuroticism and individual stress response (rs=0.540), neuroticism and mental health (rs=-0.594), social support and individual stress response (rs=-0.428), and individual stress response and mental health (rs=-0.648) were highly correlated. Medical staff with introversion and high scores of neuroticism and psychoticism had a relatively high level of stress (F=54.05, F=382.57, F=16.12, Ps < 0.001) and a relatively low level of mental health (F=82.69, F=480.41, F=34.63, Ps < 0.001); those with introversion and a high score of neuroticism had a relatively low level of physical health (F=62.67, F=187.97, Ps < 0.001). The results of path analysis showed that neuroticism (b'=0.419), task load (b'=0.230), and social support (b'=-0.325) predicted occupational stress; neuroticism both directly and indirectly predicted physical and mental health, and the total effects were -0.258 (physical health) and -0.471 (mental health), respectively.

    Conclusion The neuroticism, task load, and social support of medical staff have both direct and indirect predictive effects on their physical and mental health. Introversion, high scores of neuroticism and psychoticism, and task load are risk factors for stress and physical and mental health, while social support is a protective factor.

     

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