贾宁, 陈西峰, 郑成彬, 曲颖, 张雪艳, 王忠旭. 某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况及危险因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(5): 377-383. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17672
引用本文: 贾宁, 陈西峰, 郑成彬, 曲颖, 张雪艳, 王忠旭. 某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况及危险因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(5): 377-383. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17672
JIA Ning, CHEN Xi-feng, ZHENG Cheng-bin, QU Ying, ZHANG Xue-yan, WANG Zhong-xu. Incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(5): 377-383. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17672
Citation: JIA Ning, CHEN Xi-feng, ZHENG Cheng-bin, QU Ying, ZHANG Xue-yan, WANG Zhong-xu. Incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(5): 377-383. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17672

某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况及危险因素

Incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard

  • 摘要: 目的 调查某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨可能的危险因素。

    方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷,对我国某船舶制造厂工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患与工效学负荷以及心理社会因素开展调查。采用卡方检验以及logistic回归分析导致WMSDs发生的危险因素。

    结果 共发放问卷830份,收回有效问卷809份(有效率97.5%)。工人各部位WMSDs年发生率为12.2%~39.4%,发生率排在前四位的部位依次是下背部(39.4%)、颈部(31.3%)、手腕部(26.8%)和肩部(26.3%)。下背部、颈部、手腕部、膝部和踝/足部WMSDs的发生率在不同工种之间的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:弯腰同时转身是导致下背部和肩部(OR=1.53,1.68)、手腕部长时间弯曲是导致手腕部(OR=1.62)WMSDs的危险因素;身高是导致下背部(OR=1.03)WMSDs的危险因素;经常加班是导致下背部和手腕部(OR=1.62,1.55)WMSDs的危险因素;主观工作姿势舒适是下背部、颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=0.68,0.52,0.62,0.54)的保护因素;自主控制工作进度是手腕部(OR=0.67)WMSDs的保护因素;工作节奏快是导致颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=1.60,1.66,1.60)WMSDs的危险因素;上司关心下属是颈部和肩部(OR=0.67,0.69)WMSDs的保护因素。

    结论 造船业工人WMSDs的发生率较高,亟须根据WMSDs的职业、个体、心理社会因素制定相关措施,以降低此类疾患对工人健康的不良影响。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among workers in a shipyard.

    Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using a revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire to investigate the incidence, ergonomic load, and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorders in the past year among workers in a shipyard in China. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs.

    Results A total of 830 questionnaires were distributed, and 809 valid questionnaires were returned with a valid response rate of 97.5%. The incidence rates of WMSDs in different body parts were 12.2%-39.4%. The top four WMSDs incidence rates by body parts were low back (39.4%), neck (31.3%), wrist (26.8%), and shoulder (26.3%). The incidence rates of WMSDs in low back, neck, wrist, knee, and ankle/foot were different among different types of work (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that stooping and turning round simultaneously was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back and shoulder (OR=1.53, 1.68); wrist bent for a long time was a risk factor for WMSDs in wrist (OR=1.62); height was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back (OR=1.03); working overtime frequently was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back and wrist (OR=1.62, 1.55); subjective comfortable working posture was a protective factor for WMSDs in low back, neck, wrist, and shoulder (OR=0.68, 0.52, 0.62, 0.54); controlling work progress independently was a protective factor for WMSDs in wrist (OR=0.67); fast work pace was a risk factor for WMSDs in neck, wrist, and shoulder (OR=1.60, 1.66, 1.60); concerns from supervisors was a protective factor for WMSDs in neck and shoulder (OR=0.67, 0.69).

    Conclusion The incidence rate of WMSDs in shipbuilding industry is at a high level. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate relevant policies and measures considering occupational, individual, and psychosocial factors of WMSDs to reduce the adverse health effects.

     

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