刘美霞, 杨凤, 丁文彬, 郭薇薇, 瞿菁, 尹艳, 贾晓东. 2012年上海市工作场所电焊烟尘的定量暴露评估[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(2): 81-87. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0024
引用本文: 刘美霞, 杨凤, 丁文彬, 郭薇薇, 瞿菁, 尹艳, 贾晓东. 2012年上海市工作场所电焊烟尘的定量暴露评估[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(2): 81-87. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0024
LIU Mei-xia , YANG Feng , DING Wen-bin , GUO Wei-wei , QU Jing , YIN Yan , JIA Xiao-dong . Quantitative Exposure Assessment of Welding Fumes in Workplaces of Shanghai in 2012[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(2): 81-87. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0024
Citation: LIU Mei-xia , YANG Feng , DING Wen-bin , GUO Wei-wei , QU Jing , YIN Yan , JIA Xiao-dong . Quantitative Exposure Assessment of Welding Fumes in Workplaces of Shanghai in 2012[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(2): 81-87. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0024

2012年上海市工作场所电焊烟尘的定量暴露评估

Quantitative Exposure Assessment of Welding Fumes in Workplaces of Shanghai in 2012

  • 摘要: 目的 了解2012年上海市工作场所电焊烟尘总尘的暴露水平,分析影响暴露的主要因素。

    方法 开展职业病危害因素主动监测。运用三阶段抽样法抽取178家各类企业204个车间的534名电焊工人作为研究对象,个体采样器呼吸带采样,重量法测定现场空气电焊烟尘总尘的浓度。应用调查问卷现场调查、收集可能影响暴露的因素,运用描述性统计分析、混合效应模型及过量暴露概率对电焊烟尘总尘进行定量暴露评估。

    结果 共获得534份电焊烟尘样品,浓度检测值呈对数正态分布,几何均数为(1.6& #177;3.9) mg/m3,超标率23.2%。算术均数估算值为4.0 mg/m3,过量暴露概率为0.273。混合效应模型显示,造船行业和金属制造业、大中型企业和室内施焊电焊烟尘暴露水平明显增高(P<0.05);而氩弧焊和良好通风处电焊烟尘暴露水平明显降低(P<0.05)。良好的通风可使同等焊接工艺的电焊烟尘浓度降低34%。

    结论 上海市整体作业场所电焊烟尘暴露水平高,可能会引起较大的健康风险,应优先制定和开展电焊烟尘防控措施。行业、企业规模、焊接工艺种类、通风效果、作业点特征是影响电焊烟尘总尘浓度的主要因素。本研究也证实良好的通风可有效减少电焊烟尘总尘暴露。

     

    Abstract: Objective To quantify the exposure levels of welding fumes in Shanghai's workplaces in 2012 and to explorethe factors that impact the exposure levels.

    Methods An occupational hazard active surveillance program was conductedamong 534 welders recruited from 204 workshops in 178 enterprises through three-stage sampling strategy.Personal samplingand gravimetric measurement were applied for total dust concentration of welding fumes.A questionnaire on site was used tocollect the information about potential determinants for the welders.Descriptive statistics,mixed effect models,and probabilitiesof overexposure were utilized for quantitative exposure assessment.

    Results Totally 534 air samples were collected and theconcentrations fit lognormal distribution.The geometric mean of dust concentration was (1.6& #177;3.9) mg/m3.The percentage of thesamples exceeding occupational exposure limit (OEL) reached 23.2%.The estimated arithmetic mean of the welding fumes sampleswas 4.0 mg/m3.The probability of overexposure reached up to 0.273.The results of mixed effect model showed that the exposurelevels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in shipbuilding,metal production enterprises,and large-medium sized factories,as well asfactories with indoor welding,than the others in the same category,while the exposure levels in worksites using argon arc weldingand with good ventilation were significantly lower (P<0.05).The exposure levels in workplaces with good ventilation were decreasedby 34% compared to those with bad ventilation in the same work conditions.

    Conclusion The exposure level of weldingfumes in Shanghai's workplaces is very high,which might lead to increased risks of developing welder pneumoconiosis.It shouldset priority to formulate and implement effective interventions for workers exposed to welding fumes.Industry type,enterprise size,type of welding,location of welding activities,and effectiveness of ventilation are main determinants.This study also confirms theeffectiveness of ventilation for welding fumes control.

     

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