Abstract: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common and serious occupational health problems faced by primary and secondary school teachers around the world. The high prevalence of WMSD brings great harm to the physical health, psychology, daily work and life of primary and secondary school teachers. This project systematically reviewed the basic situation of WMSDs in primary and secondary school teachers at home and abroad, summarized the prevalence rate, involved body parts and main hazards of WMSDs in primary and secondary school teachers, and concluded the personal factors, occupational factors and social psychological factors leading to WMSDs. Based on this, a set of basic prevention and control measures of WMSDs were proposed from five perspectives: organizational training, organizational management, ergonomic design, individual behavior and social psychology, in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of WMSDs.