职业倦怠在露天煤矿企业员工社会支持与出勤主义行为间的中介作用

谢尔瓦妮古丽·阿卜力米提; 迪丽娜尔·艾克拜尔; 曲超; 郑帅印; 李富业

doi:10.11836/JEOM24046

职业倦怠在露天煤矿企业员工社会支持与出勤主义行为间的中介作用

Mediating effect of job burnout between social support and presenteeism behavior in open-pit coal miners

摘要

摘要:
背景露天煤矿作业人员因长期在不良的职业危害因素下高强度工作，身体和心理上承受很大的压力，易出现出勤主义行为。
目的探讨露天煤矿工人出勤主义行为、职业倦怠及社会支持之间的关系，以及职业倦怠在社会支持与出勤主义行为之间的中介作用。
方法于2020—2021年，通过分层整群随机抽样的方法对新疆6家露天煤矿企业员工进行问卷调查，采用《职业倦怠调查问卷》《工作内容问卷》《出勤主义行为调查问卷》对研究对象职业倦怠、社会支持、出勤主义行为水平进行评价。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行t检验、F检验、相关性分析及中介作用检验。
结果共发放1199份问卷，回收1083份有效问卷，有效回收率为90.3%。研究对象出勤主义行为、社会支持得分、职业倦怠得分的M（P₂₅，P₇₅ ）分别为2.0（2.0，5.0），24.0（23.0，26.0），45.0（34.0，51.0）。Spearman相关分析结果显示，露天煤矿工人社会支持与职业倦怠之间呈负相关（ r =−0.200， P <0.01），出勤主义行为与社会支持之间呈负相关（ r =−0.260， P <0.01），出勤主义行为与职业倦怠之间呈正相关（ r =0.304， P <0.01）。中介效应检验结果显示，社会支持对出勤主义行为具有负向影响作用（ \beta =−0.122， P <0.001）；社会支持对职业倦怠有负向影响作用（ \beta =−0.779， P <0.001）；职业倦怠在社会支持与出勤主义行为之间存在部分中介作用，效应值为−0.0294（95%CI：−0.0394~−0.0201），占总效应的24.18%。
结论露天煤矿工人出勤主义行为较普遍，社会支持负向影响露天煤矿工人出勤主义行为，职业倦怠在社会支持和出勤主义行为之间起部分中介作用。

Abstract:
Background After working in a harsh occupational hazard environment for a long time, open-pit coal mine workers are under tremendous physical and mental pressure, which is prone to presenteeism behavior.
objective To identify the relationships between presenteeism, job burnout, and social support of open-pit coal miners, and verify potential mediating effect of job burnout between social support and presenteeism.
Methods In 2020—2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of 6 open-pit coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang by stratified cluster random sampling. Job Burnout Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire, and Presenteeism Behavior Scale were used to evaluate burnout, social support, and presenteeism behavior in the study subjects. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t test, F test, correlation analysis, and mediating effect test.
Results A total of 1199 questionnaires were distributed and 1083 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.3%. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) scores of presenteeism behavior, social support, and job burnout were 2.0 (2.0, 5.0), 24.0 (23.0, 26.0), and 45.0 (34.0, 51.0), respectively. The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between social support and job burnout ( r =−0.200, P<0.01), a significant negative correlation between presenteeism and social support ( r =−0.260, P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation between presenteeism and job burnout ( r =0.304, P <0.01). The results of mediating effect test showed that social support had a negative effect on presenteeism ( \beta =−0.122, P <0.001). Social support negatively predicted job burnout ( \beta =−0.779, P <0.001). Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between social support and presenteeism, with an effect value of −0.0294 (95%CI: −0.0394, −0.0201), accounting for 24.18% of the total effect.
Conclusion Social support negatively affects the presenteeism behavior of open-pit coal mine workers, and job burnout plays a partial mediating role between social support and presenteeism behavior.

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