大气细颗粒物与电子烟联合暴露毒性研究进展

Progress on toxicity of co-exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and e-cigarettes

  • 摘要: 大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)是空气动力学直径小于2.5 μm的颗粒物,来源极其广泛,影响全球许多城市和地区的环境质量,进而对人群的健康造成了诸多不良影响。电子烟是用于产生气溶胶供人抽吸等的电子传送系统,近年来作为戒烟产品或卷烟替代品进行宣传,使用率在全球范围内迅猛增长。两者共存于同一大气环境中时,不仅对电子烟的使用人群,对周围人群的健康也会产生一定的影响。除了引发心肺毒性外,也具有发育毒性及一定的致癌性,甚至与抑郁症的发生有关。因此,开展PM2.5与电子烟联合暴露对生物体的毒性研究十分必要,其对环境中大气复合污染风险评价和防控有着重要意义。本文综述了PM2.5污染现状及电子烟的使用现状,并介绍了PM2.5与电子烟联合暴露的流行病学调查、体内和体外的毒性作用及可能的机制研究,为后续开展两者联合暴露的相关研究提供参考依据。

     

    Abstract: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, and has an extremely wide range of sources. It affects the environmental quality in many cities and regions around the world, and associates with lots of negative effects on public health. E-cigarettes, a group of products that atomize e-liquid by an atomizer and then deliver nicotine and/or other substances to the respiratory system, have been introduced as smoking cessation products or replacement of tobacco cigarettes in recent years. The usage rate of e-cigarettes has grown rapidly all over the world. When these two pollutants coexist in the same atmosphere, they would induce certain adverse health effects not only on the e-cigarette users, but also on the people around them. Besides causing cardiopulmonary toxicity, the co-existing pollutants may associate with higher risks of developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity. In addition, the combined exposure may be related with the occurrence of depression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct studies on the toxic potential of the combined exposure to PM2.5 and e-cigarettes, which is also important for the evaluation and control of the atmospheric compound pollution associated health risk. This paper reviewed the current situation of PM2.5 pollution and e-cigarettes use, introduced the epidemiological studies of PM2.5 and e-cigarette combined exposure, their toxic effects in vivo and in vitro, and possible mechanisms, aiming to provide a reference for subsequent toxicity studies.

     

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